College Essay, How I Love Thee

Ugh, college essay time! Right? Wrong. I love the process of writing the college essay. The college essay serves lots of purposes. It can explain away a period of poor grades. It can personalize all the numbers. It can provide context for afterschool activities. Most importantly, though, it is the student’s story, as told by and understood by the student.

Writing a college essay can allow students to see themselves differently, to recast their stories, to gain confidence and to feel entitled (in the best way) for the educational opportunities they are pursuing. Grade school has become such a disparate series of parts, that it can be hard for a young student to understand the process and his or her role in it. Oftentimes, the students I work with have experienced some sort of failure or aren’t as competitive as their peers. The college essay allows them to explain the circumstances, and to highlight how they excelled even in the face of adversity.

What’s a string of Bs and Cs in general level classes in the face of the struggles I see? The stories of students I work with are complex, and sometimes heartbreaking. A 20 year-old mother who was impregnated by rape at 13, and is raising the baby, alone, and in a foreign country. A daughter who cried as her father was dragged out of their home and shot dead. A boy who has been responsible for paying for his school supplies and clothes since he was 13 because his family needs any available money for food. A young woman who is the product of generations of rape. A young man who fled his home place because his father was kidnapped and held for ransom. You could meet these students 100 times and never know these things about them because they present as strong, and resilient. And they are strong and resilient, or they wouldn’t have survived.

But their grades are so-so, or their SAT scores are just average, or they haven’t done enough extra-curricular activities to be competitive. The college essay can contextualize that so-so high school performance and demonstrate that that performance, given the pressures, the obstacles, the hardships that were faced, was in fact exemplary, and outstanding, and that young person asking for more education and more opportunity would be an asset to the college.

When young people write their own stories, through the process of the college essay, they can see themselves as worthy, as hard-working, as heroes of their own stories. In turn, they enter a new part of their lives having a sense of their journey knowing that they have already overcome so much, and the challenges of succeeding in school are not insurmountable.

Transitioning Youth to College

I love working with teens and young adults. They are outwardly brave and bold, but secretly vulnerable, still seeking approval and reassurance. They want to be independent and make their own decisions, but they also want to establish themselves on the paths to responsible adulthood.

I tend to work with young people who have circumstances that are different than my own, and maybe yours, at the same age. They are people of color. Or they are young parents. Or they are first generation college students. Or they immigrated to this country. Or they speak another language at home. Or they live below the poverty line. Or they practice a non-Christian religion. Sometimes the students I work with are described as “minorities”, “at-risk”, “low-SES”, “underserved”, “low-income”, “disadvantaged”, “low-achieving”, “under-performing” or any other term that sounds good in a grant application.

I hate using these terms, because it’s othering. These terms make these kids sound “needy”. All 16-22 year olds are needy. They need fully-grown adults to guide them, even when they are jerks, make dumb choices, and say they don’t want help. Conservative pundits talk about people pulling themselves up by the bootstraps, while their own challenging kids attend private schools, experience prestigious unpaid internships and are tutored in every subject.

Teenagers who grow up in homes of privilege, homes where the status quo is to go to college and get a professional job, are exposed to important support, knowledge and experiences that may not available to teenagers who are first generation college students. For example:

  • The expectation that they will go to college AND graduate from college,
  • The connection between difficulty of classes, GPA and SAT scores on college selection and acceptance,
  • Familiarity with college campuses (including visits to alma maters of family members)
  • Understanding implications of financial aid such as loans, scholarships, grants, etc,
  • Differentiating between for-profit vs traditional colleges,
  • Awareness of and importance of a major,
  • Knowledge of connection between major, graduate school, certification and ultimate job opportunities,
  • Familiarity with college support systems such as career counseling and job placement rates,
  • Awareness of the admissions, financial aid, and add/drop deadlines and that the onus is on the student, not the school.

Which of these did you implicitly know? Sure, maybe like me you regretted a few choices but also maybe like me, you had access to and the resources for the following opportunities (privileges):

  • Sufficient reading, writing and thinking skills to be immediately successful in college
  • A “Gap Year”
  • Travel
  • Extracurricular classes and Camps
  • A home base to return to
  • A car
  • An allowance or parental loans
  • A support person to nag you onto track
  • A quiet place to apply to college
  • A strong network of entrepreneurs and business owners (I can name at least 5 jobs that I had before the age of 22 that I got because of my network of family and friends)
  • Enough financial security to delay entry into the workforce through undergrad and grad school
  • The same skin color and cultural background as the majority of business owners and patrons in the lucrative downtown mall district

There are many programs that are doing a lot to help students transition successfully to college: Upward Bound and AVID are two Charlottesville programs that do a great deal to help students, but we can do more. We need to do more.

Midtown Kids’ Activities

This past beautiful Sunday, the very delightful Midtown Street Fair was held. In addition to the Midtown Photo Scavenger Hunt, I put together 5 activities oriented towards children and the young at heart. As usual, when I designed these activities, I kept in mind cost, reuse of found materials, and multiple modalities of play. In addition, I wanted the activities to connect to one of the businesses in the Midtown Business District.

Coded Messages

This activity was a substitution code using the phone dial pad numbers to represent the letters. For example, 228 would represent the word CAT. This activity required only paper print outs and was distributed by CenturyLink.
photo 1 (4)

Pasta Picasso

Here pasta, paste and paper were provided to let participants glue patterns onto pages. The nearby Italian restaurant, Orzo, was the inspiration for this activity.
photo 2 (4)          photo (7)

Coloring Cupcakes and Cows

Pearl’s Cupcake Shoppe and the Teeny Tiny Farm provided the topics of choice for the coloring pages.

photo 4 (2)    photo (5)photo (16)    photo (17)

 

Draw Your Dreams

There’s something magical about having a stretch of heavily used asphalt closed to traffic. It’s an opportunity to use one of the simplest children’s toys, sidewalk chalk.

photo 2 (5)

Photograph by Rich Tarbell

photo 5 (1)     photo (1)

photo (2)

 

Diving for Pearls

At $15 this was the most expensive activity, and one of the most popular. Public, a restaurant specializing in Oysters made me think of searching for pearls. photo 3 (3)

photo (4)    photo (15)

Photograph by Rich Tarbell

Photograph by Rich Tarbell

Let’s Get Physical

If you ever see an old fashioned treadmill for $10, BUY IT. It will be the best money you will ever invest in exercise equipment.

photo (8)    photo 1 (3)

photo (9)

 

2 Ways 2 Play (Midtown Photo Scavenger Hunt Preview!)

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When you attend the Midtown Street Fair this Sunday, September 21 from 1-6pm, presented by the Midtown Business Association (with a tremendous amount of work by the indomitable Laura of the Blue Moon Diner), you MUST play my street game “Midtown Photo Scavenger Hunt”. It’s gonna be fun!!! Below are rules for the phone-full, and the phone-less.

How to Play (21st Century Rules)

  • Go to the event on the Facebook page.
  • Look at the pictures posted in the Scavenger Hunt Album (on Sunday, over-eager peeps!)
  • See if you can find each of the letters on the West Main Corridor.
  • Take a picture with yourself in the picture.
  • Post on the Midtown Charlottesville Facebook Page and/or the Midtown Street Fair event page.
  • Gloat over your cleverness.

How to Play (20th Century Rules)

  • Pick up a paper copy of the Scavenger Hunt.
  • Write the business/location of the photo on the respective line.
  • Gloat that the NSA probably hasn’t been tracking your every footstep for the last hour (at least through your phone).
  • Go buy a smart phone.

And no, no prizes, just satisfaction and fun. Next year, baby!!

For the Designer Types, there’s some further words below.

Purpose

  • Engage and entertain visitors to the street fair
  • Encourage visitors to walk the length of Midtown by having photos from all 5-6 blocks
  • Promote visibility and awareness of businesses

Required Supplies/Resources

  • Website/Facebook (design, 21st)
  • Smart phone camera (design, 21st)
  • Printable copies (20th)
  • Graphics program for picture cropping/arranging (design)

This was a delightful, relatively lo-fi game to design. As usual, a lot of designing went on in my brain. Initially, I was going to post little plastic figurines around mid-town and allow children to collect them, but that required collecting stuff, and hiding it around the day off– too much work when I knew that there would be plenty of other tasks that morning. I started thinking about the beauty of signage– and then thought– wait the businesses have letters! And then I thought, what could it spell? Ah, Midtown… It then took a brief walk to find fetching letters to illustrate my words!

If you liked this game, remember I am available to design custom games for your special event! Please contact me at info@wigglelearning.com! 

Building Experiences

As I transitioned out of my role as Program Director at Computers4Kids, I wanted to make sure that I didn’t lose contact with a number of students who I had formed especially close relationships. I had a group of them out to my house on Sunday to “build stuff” as they requested. I provided ingredients for lunch, computers for looking up plans, lumber and simple building tools. Fatuma, college freshman, was our documentarian. Her words and pictures are below.

Fatuma was trying to make this small beautiful doll house, but it kinda didn't work out, so instead she making a bird house:)

Fatuma was trying to make this small beautiful doll house, but it kinda didn’t work out, so instead she is making a bird house. 🙂

July is look for bird house design on the web! P.s the bird house she made was amazing! The little birds will love it!

July is looking for bird house design on the web! P.S. the bird house she made was amazing! The little birds will love it!

Fatuma trying to get started with her beautiful bird house, there were time when she really wanted to give up but Miss Dolly kept on motivating her :)!

Fatuma trying to get started with her beautiful bird house. There were times when she really wanted to give up but Miss Dolly kept on motivating her! 🙂

July plan for the bird

July plan for the bird

Miss Dolly helping july with her bird house plan! If it weren't for Miss Dolly, nothing would have went right! Thanks Miss Dolly, we love you

Miss Dolly helping July with her bird house plan! If it wasn’t for Miss Dolly, nothing would have gone right! Thanks Miss Dolly, we love you!

This is now what I call girl power! Fatuma helping july saw her wood for the bird house!

This is what I call girl power! Fatuma helping July saw her wood for the bird house!

Now this is what I call a amazing teamwork! July helping Zarny with the Dremel to help it curve better!

Now this is what I call a amazing teamwork! July helping Zarny with the dremel tool to help it carve better!

This is another amazing teamwork! Htoogaye help Abass saw the wood!

This is another amazing teamwork! Htoogay helps Abass saw the wood!

Htoogaye love her stick figures! She is using the slate rocks! This is beautiful!  H +A=♡

Htoogay loves her stick figures! She is carving the slate! This is beautiful! H +A=♡

July and Htoogaye showing Abass how to saw the wood! Girl power!

July and Htoogay showing Abass how to saw the wood! Girl power!

Zarny slicing the chicken apart! P.s he slice ot first and than he asked if he should all cena the chicken into pieces lol

Zarny slicing the chicken apart! P.S. he sliced it first and than he asked if he should all cut the chicken into pieces! lol!

Yummy, Zarny cooking the world best grill cheese sandwich on the wood-burning stove! I was very delicious

Yummy yummy ! Everyone enjoyed It! They were the best :)

Yummy yummy ! Everyone enjoyed It! They were the best 🙂

Zarny is cooking for again and he is putting wood in the stove to keep the fire going! This chicken was yummy I love it! If I was a judge I would have selected Zarny and the stove for the world best cookers

Zarny is cooking for us again and he is putting wood in the stove to keep the fire going! This chicken was yummy I love it! If I was a judge I would have selected Zarny and the stove for the world’s best cookers!

The was a very unique idea! Zarny made this with a slate rock! It looks like our beautiful home Virginia!

The was a very unique idea! Zarny made this with slate! It looks like our beautiful home Virginia!

This is very beautiful and loving!  Zarny made this piece for July!

This is very beautiful and loving! Zarny made this piece for July!

This is the world's best bird house! It's so delightful and welcoming! The bird will surely love it:) -Made by July Paw

This is the world’s best bird house! It’s so delightful and welcoming! The bird will surely love it:)
-Made by July Paw

Daily Dining Simulation

A number of years back I observed that my class of 8th grade girls seemed to be more worried about diet and weight than they had been in years previous. I contacted my good pal Chuck to see what he thought about creating a simulation that dealt with anorexia and eating disorders. I had the pleasure of meeting Chuck at a NASAGA conference and had participated in The Drinking Game and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Grieving Loss Simulation, both powerful, inspirational group activities.

As Chuck and I worked on the Daily Dining Simulation over email and phone exchanges we adjusted the focus, and instead focused eating patterns broadly, and created an activity that we successfully presented at NASAGA and that Chuck now has for sale on his site.

Creating this experience with Chuck reinforced some beliefs and taught me new lessons as well.

Simplify your Symbols

Much of what we do as designers is to boil messy complicated real life down into some translatable activities. As we selected meals for participants to dine on, it was tempting to become overly solicitous. Should breakfast include oatmeal AND granola AND cold cereal? What about sausage versus bacon? And so on… The point was not to provide every person with their favorite meal, but it was to provide representations of breakfast choices.

Reality can be Misrepresented

Momentarily as we designed, I got caught up in making sure that the calories of the foods selected were represented accurately. But then I remembered that the point wasn’t to represent calorie-counting, but instead to look at broader patterns of eating. It didn’t matter if one chip represented 100 calories, or if chips represented both calories or pounds. What mattered was if we could tell a story that chips represented something about your behavior.

Timing is Everything

The pace of an activity can make or break it. In this case, participants had certain assigned tasks to complete in a small timeframe which required concentrated effort, but there were also downtimes where participants had time to reflect, as well as interact with the other participants. There was variability of pace built into the flow of the activity, making a 90 minute-long session seem much shorter.

Choice, and the Choices Made, is Critical

There was plenty of opportunities for participants to make choices– in the foods they selected, how they chose to spend their downtime, whether they “cheated” or not. But that there were choices wasn’t the interesting part, it was more interesting what choices participants made, and what that revealed about themselves.

Concentrate on the Objective

Whenever the debrief conversation delved into how the simulation deviated from reality, we returned the conversation to the metaphor we were constructing… “So yeah, YOU typically eat granola in the morning and we didn’t have that choice… Were you able to find a substitute for that food? And did your eating patterns in the simulation reflect your real life eating patterns? Oh, okay… Does that make you think differently about your eating patterns?” It’s critical that as a facilitator, you keep the conversation focused on the objective, not on the details.

While these were lessons gained from a simulation, I think that they are applicable to many other kinds of educational activities as well. Please check out Chuck’s great simulations.

Instructional Design 101: Content Analysis

Quick: What are the fundamentals of Instructional Design?

In your list, did you include content analysis? So much of the time we’re so intent on figuring out tools, audience needs and evaluation that clear and understandable content is overlooked. Often, the contract work that Brandon and I did would have a large unplanned and un-budgeted component of deciphering content provided by the client. We would often be asked to design instructional materials when the content was both repetitive and incomplete. One such case was a credit card compliance training for managers of fast food franchises. We used the following techniques to make 55+ PowerPoint slides into an effective interactive learning experience.

Read for Purpose

The first read-through of instructional material requires switching between in-depth and surface reading. You’re reading for purpose– as a learner, digesting information and checking for gaps in the material — as a designer, you’re already preparing the best way to parse and re-arrange the material for understanding. This requires both deep concentration on details to ensure you grasp the content, and taking a big picture view to make sure there is an understandable context.

Identify Frameworks

Typically during the first few read-throughs, certain patterns emerge. Hidden within a linear narrative, we identified 8 distinct types of credit card fraud that the manager had to understand. Each type of fraud had a set of consequences, preventative measures, and follow-up procedures. There was a lot of content to grapple with both as a learner and a designer. We constructed tables to house data on fraud type and consequences, and fraud type and preventative measures to ensure that all content was transferred from the narrative content to our game-based activity.

Categorize Content and Identify Outliers

It can take multiple analyses to ensure that a framework accommodates all of content. It may be necessary add more categories, and/or combine others. Sometimes content simply won’t fit inside a framework– sometimes it is extraneous, and therefore excluded, and other times it’s critical for legal or compliance reasons. In this case, we found that securing the restaurant’s computer network was a measure that was useful in preventing only one type of fraud, a data breach. Accordingly, we were to sure to emphasize this measure in the applicable module.

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Identify Repetition and Commonalities

As we looked at the source PowerPoint slides,  we realized that there was a lot of repetition in 3 categories: consequences, preventative measures and steps to follow after an incident. Using tables helped us identify the shared traits AND the dissimilarities. Knowing the commonalities between the fraud types helped us in framing our instructions and influenced our use of predictable structure (discussed below) in making sense of the large amount of content.

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Check in with SMEs

When doing a major re-organization of material, it’s important to ask for clarification and confirmation from your Subject Matter Experts. This is an opportunity to make sure that your assumptions and logical leaps are valid. By checking with the SMEs, we were able to confirm that most of our assumptions were correct, and they provided further helpful clarification. As you’re rephrasing to fit your narrative, you want to ensure that your language is still precise, and in the case of compliance-related instruction, ensure that it’s legally correct.

Use Predictable Structures

Most learners do best when there is some predictable structure that can help them make sense of material. Once we figured out the pattern of the material, we didn’t hide it from the learner. We explicitly structured our material around the pattern that allowed us to understand the complex, multi-step material. Each of the 8 modules described the fraud, gave a brief illustrative story of the fraud to frame context, and presented the consequences and the prevention.

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The same activity was used throughout each module to reinforce the commonalities of the consequences.

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Recognize Limitations

We were hired to do a fun, interactive game, and we delivered. But this was compliance training, and we realized that there were some very important procedural tasks that managers would have to do if they were unlikely enough to encounter fraud. We realized that having them enter a Flash game and hunt for procedures was not the best fit. We created a stand-along document with step by step instructions from corporate. There was no need to force this legal, procedural document into our crime narrative.

I find that a thorough, structural, content analysis allows me to feel confident that I have accounted for all my data, and therefore I can be creative and free when it comes to creating games and the interface.

EpiCroqueTournament

EpiCroqueTournament

I love designing and playing games, and I love hosting parties. For a large friends and family party I wanted to design something unique and fun for the guests to do. Just like when I design a learning game, I went through a fluid, yet familiar design process.

Objectives

  • All-ages play
  • Easy to follow rules
  • Everyone feels successful
  • Play would take about an hour
  • Play would result in exploration of the family property

Process

photo

As I begin a design, I think about 2 major pieces– what are my resources and what should the participant gain. The Joseph Compound is rife with stuff– how could I use it to make a fun experience. I knew that we had tons of partial croquet sets around, but I knew that I didn’t want to play traditional croquet. There was too much structure– turn-based, winning and losing, a standard wicket set-up… It was important to establish that this was nothing like croquet. I took inspiration from the board game Cranium where players would perform different tasks within drawing, singing, acting, etc. As players hit the ball through a wicket, they would perform a fun task that was described with a poem. The task took away the focus on the traditional counting of strokes, and instead focused on the satisfying smacking of the ball by the mallet, strolling about the grounds, and laughing with one another as shared silliness abounded. Without the competitive element, people could opt out of any activity that was uncomfortable to them.

Hole Number Task Materials Needed Notes
1 Wear a Hat Hats! I purposefully began the course with this task. I figured everyone loves a hat, and that this low-stakes entree into the game would allow people to ease into the spirit of the game.
 2  Go Boating  Boats and a body of water photo 3 (1)
 3 Get “Physical”photo 3  Trampoline and Antique Treadmill Olivia Newton John sang it,
“Let’s Get Physical”, she proclaimed it.
Hop on that treadmill with your feet, not your eyes
Jump on that trampoline for some exercise.
 4  Horseshoe ringer Horseshoes set You’ve made it underneath the hornet’s nest.
Don’t worry, they’re long gone, not to molest.
Take a care to each finger.
As you, with a horseshoe, make a ringer.
 5 Easter Egg Hunt  Easter Eggs Rabbits give live birth
That’s why they have such wide girth
They also don’t have a chicken beak
Why then, to them, we ascribe an Easter season hide and seek?
 6  Dribble a ball between your legs Basketball  There’s the basket, here’s the ball
Bounce that sucker tween your legs, don’t you fall
 7  ABCs with your body  Body doll for demonstration  You’re about halfway through the course
Don’t be fussy or too snotty.
We’re not gonna use the code of Morse,
Spell your name using only your body.
 8  Play a musical instrument  assorted musical instruments  In the country you can make a blat
Of a bugle or a drum splat
Loud enough to attract a herd of cow
Bonus points if the coyotes howl
 9  Draw your self-portrait  paper, pencils, markers, clothesline photo 2 (2)
 10  Rock Sculpture  rocks  photo 3 (2)
11  “Archaeological” Dig  broken dishes, hole  photo 5
 12  Junque Sculpture  assorted oddments  Whew, you’ve made it to the highest wicket
Take a moment to enjoy the view, that’s the ticket
Now look around at the plaster, wood and metal parts
Turn it into an arrangement of art
 13  Coin toss  coins, dishes, table photo 1 (1)
 14  Talk to a goat  goats  Do not buy goats only to play EpiCroqueTournament.
 15  Sidewalk drawing chalk, pavement  photo 1 (2)

Results

Over the course of two weekends, about 40 people played EpiCroqueTournament. It exceeded all of my expectations– including getting positive reviews from two of the most demanding critics, my older brother and first cousin, neither of whom are easily satisfied. Players laughed, got engrossed in activities, ventured further afield than the food and drink stations. Some players went on a boat for the first times in their lives.

Lessons I would take away are:

  • Fun and enthusiasm in design translate to the playing experience. I talked up the game in social media, even tho it wasn’t completed. People came ready to play because I was.
  • Editing is ALWAYS good. I deleted several activities which were simply too much work for me, were too complicated to perform or weren’t seeming fun.
  • Use what you have. The particular working parts of EpiCroqueTournament fit into a paper bag. There are a lot of other materials that I brought to the game, but they were mostly already on the landscape. Granted, we’ve got a lot of weird stuff, but I bet you do too.

photo 2

When Multiple Choice is Just Not Enough (Anatomy of a Bad Assessment Item)

One of the traditional tasks in instructional design is the creation of “knowledge checks” — standard quiz items usually placed in-context with content. The thought behind these types of assessment items is to provide the learner an opportunity to self-assess in sequence, immediately after information acquisition. A common type of item is multiple choice. Multiple choice items can work if you have a great deal of time and understanding of the material, and you are able to construct items that probe higher levels of reasoning. However, too often the reality is that instructional designers without domain expertise write multiple choice items that are irrelevant to real learning, and in many situations, cause more harm than good. Let’s dissect a multiple choice item and probe a bit deeper on why they can be dangerous, and how to make them better.

The inherent issue with multiple choice items like this is the fact that they only test recall, and, in this case, the recall is requested seconds or minutes after the content is provided. And, to impede the process even further, the learner can’t progress until they answer. In this item, the learner is exposed to wrong responses as well as correct ones. The standard four distractors are offered with radio-style buttons: one correct, and three incorrect. The learner scans the list, and makes their choice by clicking in the radio button and then clicking a “Submit” button to receive a response, such as this one:

In this instance, feedback is displayed immediately because the instructional designer has chosen to allow only one try for the item. On incorrect, a “Sorry, that’s incorrect…” statement appears next to a large red “X”. Visual cues are strong, and in this case the type of visual reinforcement and the placement is critical to how useful the item is for learning. When the learner attempts to recall information supported by this item, an unhelpful visual may appear.

For this to be good instructional design the red “X” should be over (or beside) the wrong selected radio button, and the correct answer is should be highlighted. The learner never has a correct visual to overlay the incorrect visual. The learner leaves with a powerful, incorrect visual, instead of a bolder, corrective one. Proper feedback is critical as well. Sometimes learners are just told that the answer is wrong, without being given the correct feedback. Then they return to the item, knowing that whatever thought process or strategy they used was wrong, and can get stuck, trying to remember what their wrong response was, trying to choose the correct answer. If they have to repeat the process multiple times, they do not come away with a strong sense of knowing the correct answer, they instead feel relief that they finally guessed the right answer and were able to progress. In the example above, the incorrect feedback statement is close to the selection, and the correct choice is highlighted with a feedback confirmation next to it on the screen. Additionally, more feedback may be appropriate adding context.

When creating multiple choice items, ask yourself these questions:

  • Is your goal just to have learners take courses, or are you trying to ensure they learn something?
  • If you need someone to demonstrate mastery of procedures, multiple items may be an inappropriate mechanism for them to demonstrate that they can perform.

If you decide to use multiple choice items to promote learning, here are our recommendations:

  • Provide the correct answer after a wrong response.
  • Supplant the incorrect visual, with a bolder visual of the correct response.
  • Use a tracking system which requires the learner to answer a certain percentage (or all) questions correctly.
  • Provide personalized, meaningful feedback in-place on-screen whenever possible.

We all think knowledge checks are innocent enough — important segues in the content sequence — little “breaks” that let the learner pause and think about what they just consumed. This can be a good thing as long as you make sure you’re putting forth the appropriate test item for both the learner and the business. At the end of the day, you don’t want to waste the learner’s time, and you really don’t want to spend precious resources designing learning experiences that don’t have a demonstrable educational gains.

This post was cowritten by Brandon Carson of the Total Learner Experience.

Instructional Design Rules to Break

The world of instructional design is overrun with endless rules. Many rules are steeped in years of research and driven by appropriate learning theory. However, we think there are some rules that are OK to be bent, twisted, or broken to fit specific needs. There’s an old saying that in order to break the rules, you need to know them. In this series, we are going to take some long-lived rules of Instructional Design and discuss the when and how to break them. Agree or disagree? Let us know!

Rule #1: “Avoid Direct Instruction

Direct Instruction (DI), is the explicit teaching of a skill-set using lectures or demonstrations of the material, rather than exploratory models such as inquiry-based learning (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_instruction&oldid=526504905). Think of the last “training class” you sat thru while a droning facilitator dumped data from a seemingly endless PowerPoint deck. Many Instructional Designers try to avoid DI at all costs because it’s seen as old-fashioned, ineffective and didactic. Exploratory learning came along in reaction to the DI “sage on the stage” model, and has been overused to such an extent that many see it as the only way to design effective instruction. However, by rejecting DI because of assuming its leading to a poor design, we lose out on its distinct advantages.

Research tells us that learners must construct their own understanding in order to truly learn. In the real world, learners working through exploratory models often go down rabbit holes, learning valuable information and skills, but ones that may not be relevant to the task at hand. Exploratory learning is critically important when you want learners to be invested in the topic and when skills are more important than fact. But for learning data and facts, DI cannot be beat.

DI can save time and effectively transmit data, facts and procedures. We’re not arguing that DI should be used exclusively. Many learning organizations use DI exclusively (and, in our opinion, ineffectively) in the form of PowerPoint-style data dumps with little interactivity. A better model is to create an exercise that encourages the learner to explore a relevant case study, view targeted direct instruction related to the case, conduct problem-solving and reflective group work, and then finally prepare a presentation or teach-back to their peers. Don’t think you have to avoid DI at all costs, just be sure to integrate it effectively with interactive activities and exercises.

This series is co-written with Total Learner. Check back for the next rule to break: Get Buy-in From All Your Stakeholders.